Gramatyka

___________________________________________________

 

Present Continuous

· czynności wykonywane w chwili mówienia

             She’s talking to  her teacher at the moment.

· obecne fakty i trendy

             People are living longer.

· Czynności, które zostaną wykonane w niedalekiej przyszłości

             They’re coming at 3 p.m. tomorrow.

 

 

 

POSITIVE

 

NEGATIVE

 

I

 

‘m (am)

 

 

 

 

 

reading.

 

I

‘m not

(am not)

 

 

 

 

 

reading.

You

We

they

 

‘re (are)

You

We

They

aren’t

(are not)

He

She

It

 

‘s (is)

He

She

It

isn’t

(is not)





























 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Present Simple

· czynności powtarzające się

             I go to school every day.

· czynności stałe

             She lives  in Poland.

· uczucia i opinie

             I like my job.

· fakty

             Prices increase every year.

 



 

 

POSITIVE

 

NEGATIVE

 

 

I

You

We

They

 

 

 

swim.

 

 

I

You

We

They

 

 

 

don’t

(do not)

 

 

 

 

 

 

swim.

He

She

It

 

swims.

He

She

It

doesn’t




 

 

QUESTION

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

Am

 

I

 

 

 

 

 

reading?

Yes,

 

No,

 

I

am.

 

‘m not.

 

Are

you

we

they

Yes,

 

No,

you

we

they

 are.

 

aren’t.

 

Is

he

she

it

Yes,

 

No,

he

she

it

is.

 

isn’t.












 

 

QUESTION

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

 

 

Do

 

 

 

I

you

we

they

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

swim?

 

Yes,

  

I

you

we

they

 

  

do.

 

No,

 

don’t.

 

 

Does

 

 he

she

it

 

Yes,

 

 

he

she

it

does.

 

No,

doesn’t.


















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Present Perfect

· czynności, które miały miejsce w bliżej nieokreślonej przeszłości, ale jej skutki są w teraźniejszości

             I have broken my leg.

· czynności rozpoczęte w przeszłości, trwające do chwili obecnej

             She’s been a teacher for six years.

 

 

 

POSITIVE

 

NEGATIVE

 

I

you

we

        they

 

 

‘ve

(have)

 

 

 

 

 

left.

 

I

you

we

        they

  

 

haven’t

(have not)

 

 

 

 

 

left.  

 

 he

she

it

 

‘s

(has)

 

he

she

it

 

hasn’t

(has not)


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTION

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

 

 

Have

 

I

you

we

they

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

left?

 

Yes,

  

I

you

we

they

 

have.

 

No,

 

haven’t.

 

 

Has

 

 he

she

it

 

Yes,

 

 

he

she

it

has.

 

No,

hasn’t.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Past Simple

· czynności zakończone w przeszłości

             She went to the seaside two days ago.

 

 

 

POSITIVE

 

NEGATIVE

 

 

I

you

we

        they

 he

she

it

 

 

 

 

 

arrived

 

 

 

 

 

yesterday.

 

 

I

you

we

    they

he

she

it

  

 

 

 

 

didn’t

(did not)

 

 

 

 

 

arrive

 

 

 

 

 

yesterday. 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTION

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

 

 

 

 Did

 

 

 

 

 

 

I

you

we

they

he

she

it 

 

 

 

 

 

arrive

 

 

 

 

 

 

yesterday?

 

Yes,

  

I

you

we

they

he

she

it

 

  

did.

 

No,

 

didn’t.


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Past Continuous

· czynności, które trwały w danym momencie w przeszłości i nie wiemy czy zostały zakończone, czy nie

             The sun was shining all the morning.

· Czynności, w trakcie których nastąpiły inne czynności

             While I was doing my homework, the phone rang.

 

 

 

POSITIVE

 

NEGATIVE

 

I

he

she

it

 

 

‘s

(was)

 

 

 

 

 

swimming.

 

I

he

she

it

  

 

wasn’t

(was not)

 

 

 

 

 

swimming.  

 

 we

you

they

 

‘re

(were)

 

we

you

they

 

 

weren’t

(were not)


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTION

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

 

 

Was

 

I

he

she

it

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

swimming?

 

Yes,

  

I

he

she

it

 

was.

 

No,

 

wasn’t.

 

 

Were

 

 we

you

they

 

Yes,

 

 

we

you

they

were.

 

No,

weren’t.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Future: will + infinitive

· czynności i wydażenia w przyszłości

             The situation will be worse in the future.

· decyzje i oferty, o których  w chwili mówienia

             I will go to the  tomorrow.

 

 

 

POSITIVE

 

NEGATIVE

 

 

I

you

we

        they

 he

she

it

 

 

 

 

‘ll 

(will)

 

 

 

 

 

come.

 

 

I

you

we

    they

he

she

it

  

 

 

 

 

won’t

(will not)

 

 

 

 

 

come

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QUESTION

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

 

 

 

 Will

 

 

 

 

I

you

we

they

he

she

it  

 

 

 

 

come?

 

 

 

 

 

Yes,

  

I

you

we

they

he

she

it

 

  

will.

 

No,

 

won’t.

(will not)